Cinematography

    Cinematography

•The manipulations of the film strip by the camera in the shooting phase and by the laboratory in the developing phase.

–Photographic aspects of the shot

–Framing of the shot

–Duration of the shot

Photographic Aspects of Cinematography

•Film Stock:

–Fast v slow film

–Black and White v. Color

•Exposure

•Developing/printing

•Speed of motion: Slow-motion, fast-motion

Singin’ in the Rain- Technicolor film stock 

     The Camera Lens 

•Focal Length: the distance from the center of the lens to the point at which the light rays meet in sharp focus.  This length determines perspective relations and depth cues on the flat screen surface. 

Normal lens: 35-50mm, presuming 35mm 

camera 

•Wide Angle:  short focal length ( 35 mm or less) which produces a wider angle of view.

–Effect: distorting straight lines, exaggerating depth

Zoom lens

•Lens with a focal length that can be changed during a shot.

–Shift to telephoto range magnifies the image and flattens the space

–Shift to wide-angle increases depth cues and demagnifies the background.

Retro-zoom 

•Tracking back and zooming in,or

•Tracking in and zooming out

•CLIP: Punch-Drunk Love (P.T. Anderson, 2002)

•Depth of Field:the range of distance within which objects can be photographed and remain in sharp focus.

–Shot focal length: greater depth of field

–Long focal length, reduces depth of field. 

     FRAMING

*aspect ratios

*offscreen space /onsceen spaces

* angle, level, height, distance of framing

* Mobile Framing

Extreme Long Shot (ELS)

Long shot, LS 

Medium Long Shot (MLS) “plan américain”